A drug originally developed for prostate cancer may have exciting potential for treating Parkinson’s.
The study, funded by Parkinson’s UK, suggests that the drug, tasquinimod, which is not yet on the market, works by controlling genes that may cause Parkinson’s. This happens when the drug interacts with a protein inside brain cells.
The team at the Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre used cutting-edge stem cell techniques to grow brain cells from skin cell samples donated by people with a rare genetic form of Parkinson’s, and from healthy people without the condition.
Brain cells – artistic interpretation. Image credit: Pixabay, CC0 Public Domain
The team followed the progression of the condition in brain cells made from the patients’ stem cells and saw that a number of important genes became inactive when problems first started to occur inside the Parkinson’s-inflicted cells.
The “switching off” of these genes early in the process brought the condition on later.
Professor Caleb Webber of Oxford's Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, who co-led the study, said: 'This is the first time researchers have followed the progression of the condition over time in brain cells in the lab, something we simply cannot do in cells inside the living brain.'
Professor Richard Wade-Martins of Oxford's Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, who co-led the study, said: 'We think that switching off these genes in brain cells may play a vital role in the cell damage and death that occurs in Parkinson’s. Finding a way to ‘turn them back on’ with a drug could be a promising, unexplored way to develop new treatments.'
Deputy Director of Research at Parkinson’s UK, Professor David Dexter, said: 'This study has opened up a new avenue of research and is a fantastic example of where cutting-edge technology is enabling the use of stem cells to show what may be causing Parkinson’s.
'The study also highlights the growing number of drugs which can be repurposed from their original medical use to treat Parkinson’s. Developing a drug from scratch is a long, slow and expensive process. By finding existing drugs and moving them rapidly into clinical trials, we can make them available for people with Parkinson's much more quickly, easily and cheaply.'
The team showed that turning the genes back on corrected cell changes in the Parkinson’s brain cells. The study was conducted using cells grown from people with a relatively rare form of Parkinson’s. To find out whether the results apply to all people with Parkinson’s, the team next studied brain cells grown from people with the more common, non-genetic form of the condition.
Professor Wade-Martins added: 'We’ve only studied brain cells from eight individuals with ‘regular’ Parkinson’s so far so it’s early days, but initial findings indicate that the brain cells that share the same pattern of inactive genes and might also benefit from the same treatment.
'Others, however, don’t. This may mean that tasquinimod may work for some people with Parkinson’s and not for others, and we are working on how to tell who will benefit.'
Source: University of Oxford