Regular physical activity has positive effects on children's developing brain circuits, finds a Boston Children's Hospital study using neuroimaging data from nearly 6,000 early adolescents. Physical activity of any kind was associated with more efficiently organized, flexible, and robust brain networks, the researchers found. The more physical activity, the more “fit” the brain. The findings were published in the Cerebral Cortex.
“It didn't matter what kind of physical activity children were involved in — it only mattered that they were active,” says Caterina Stamoulis, principal investigator on the study and director of the Computational Neuroscience Laboratory at Boston Children's Hospital. “Being active multiple times per week for at least 60 minutes had a widespread positive effect on brain circuitry.”
Positive effects of physical activity in orange; negative effects of BMI in blue. Image credit: Skylar Brooks, Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital
Stamoulis and her colleagues Skylar Brooks and Sean Parks found positive effects on circuits in multiple brain areas. These circuits play a fundamental role in cognitive function and support sensory processing, attention, motor function, memory, decision-making and executive control. Regular physical activity also partially offset the effects of unhealthy body mass index, or BMI, which was associated with detrimental effects on the same brain circuitry.
With support from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the researchers tapped data from the long-term Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. They analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 5,955 9- and 10-year-olds and crunched these data against data on physical activity and BMI, using advanced computational techniques.
“Early adolescence is a very important time in brain development,” says Stamoulis. “It's associated with a lot of changes in the brain's functional circuits, particularly those supporting higher-level processes like decision-making and executive control. Abnormal changes in these areas can lead to risky behaviours and deficits in cognitive function that can follow people throughout their lifetime.”
Added Sylvia Spengler, a program director in NSF's Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, “This project has the potential to inform issues in brain development and long-term cognitive function. It is encouraging to see this award be so productive.”
Source: NSF